Solomon Asch Conformity Experiments (1951) Essays -- Social Psychology

In 1951, Solomon Asch carried out several(prenominal) experiments on conformity. The aim of these studies was to investigate conformity in a conclave environment situation. The purpose of these experiments was to see if an individual would be swayed by humans pressure to go along with the incorrect answer. Asch believed that conformity reflects on comparatively rational process in which people are pressured to switch over their behaviour. Asch designed experiments to measure the pressure of a group situation upon an individual judgment. Asch wanted to prove that conformity corporation really play a whopping role in disbelieving our own senses.Asch initiated his experiment by fashioning one of the particpants at ease. He asked a serious of elementary questions where the tetrad confederates answered them correctly so the fifth person also answered the question correct. This in sense gave the participant a false interpretation of the actual cerebration behind Asch true experime nt. The participants were asked to compare, identify and match one of three lines on the right card to the length of the line on the left card. This line was repeated several times to get a true tantrum of the data collated. Participants were not under any explicit demand to conform, as they received no physical or verbal coercion to do so. The specific hypothesis centered on the idea, if group pressure can play influence and effect individuals perception, decision and attitudes. The independent variable allow for be Procedure, and the dependent variable is the level of conformity did change.The experiments were quite simple, in that there was a seemingly harmless designate to be performed, and the participants were instructed to choose the estimation of the lengths of a line when compared to two ... ...y is decreased.Although Asch conducted many an(prenominal) variations on his leaven of conformity, and he has been criticized as being too simplistic to accurately represent t rue conformist behaviour his experiment has stood the test of time and examinationWorks CitedAnderson, M, L, Taylor, H, F. (2008). Sociology. Understanding a Diversity Society. Thomson high schooling. Belmont. (USA). Fourth Edition.Babbie, E. (2007) The Practice of Social Research. Thomson Higher Education. Belmont. (USA) Eleven Edition.Cardwell, M. Klanagan, C. (2003). Psychology As. Nelson Thornes Limited. Cheltenham. (UK). for the first time Edition.Crisp, R, J. Turner, R, N. (2007). Essential Social Psychology. Sage Publications Limited. London. (UK). First Edition.Macionis. J, J. Plummer, K. (2005). Sociology. A global Introduction. Pearson Education Limited. Essex. (UK) Third Edition.

Low Savings :: essays research papers

Americans on average, nonwithstanding less than 1% of their after-tax income straight off compared with 7% at the beginning of the 1990s. U.S. citizens are saving less because, of the high cost of housing and affair rates. Many homeowners believe that upgrade legitimate estate values give them the necessary savings they would otherwise get down set aside. The housing boom, like the stock market boom forward it, al funkyed Americans to save without having to reduce consumption. As the value of their assets rise, people naturally opinion richer. Consumer spending has held up not because incomes let risen, but because consumers have taken on more than debt, mostly by borrowing against rapidly rising housing prices. The marginal propensity to consume is affected by consumer confidence and interest rates as they affect the rate of return on savings.With fewer dollars available as savings to banks and other financial institutions, interest rates are higher for both savers an d borrowers than they would otherwise be. That makes it more pricey to finance investment in factories, equipment, and other goods, which slows growth in the GDP.The set about savings rate meant a higher consumption rate, which stimulates more spending, more income, and thus more spending, in a self-feeding process known as the multiplier effect.People do not save for the sake of saving. They save to spread consumption over their lives.Also the U.S. has a consumer culture, with consumers always having to slip away up with the Joneses Kids seem entitled to deserving goods that other kids own. Since consumers will be spending more rather than saving, equilibrium GDP will not be balanced. Unemployment and inflation will occur since low spending by investors does not balance the low savings rate of consumers.Our high consumption, low savings economy has worked only because our European and Asian allies have been willing to save and produce more than they consume.

Qualities of Ratan Tata Essay

PERSONAL POWER -Krishna Kumar, in an intrinsic interview published on the groups website in March, had as well as praised ratan Tata for his contri merelyions to not only the group, but the avocation and industry as a whole and c all in all in alled him a natural leader. Visionary bully CommunicatorA visionary leader has good communication skills. She k right offs how to verbalize her dreams and goals and passel explain them to his team. For the leader, communication isnt just one-sided. In addition to sacramental manduction her vision for the future, a visionary leader is also an active listener. As more pile catch the vision, leaders listen to their ideas and thoughts, incorporating them into the larger goal. Visionaries expect others in reaching their milestones and alleviate the team members meet their personal goals.Charismatic drawVisionary leaders also withdraw charisma. Merriam-Webster defines charisma as a personal magic of leadership arovictimization special po pular loyalty.Not eitherone is born with this personal magic, but they can learn and cultivate it. Charisma is a natural attraction that draws people to the leader and the leaders enthusiasm.Chief organizerVisionary leaders also are chief organizers. art object many another(prenominal) leaders wear administrators that man era the processes, the leader often sets up the cheek by establishing key departments or functions. As the organizer-in-chief, the visionary directs, develops and conducts meetings until reliable help is found. During the initial organization, a leader select out take the time arm a solid foundation through establishing boards, councils or a gild hierarchy. Strategic PlannerVisionary leaders are strategic planners. desire a chess player, these leaders plan ahead to make the exceed business moves. Strategic planning involves creating an action plan with a peculiar(prenominal) strategy in mind.The leaders vision defines what the organization will look li ke in the future and how it will function. His strategies are knowing to take him toward his ultimate vision. COURAGEOUS Risk-takerVisionary leaders, like Washington, are renowned risk-takers. These leaders are willing to gamble on something they believe in, but the gamble is often a mensurable one. Visionaries are creative people that take the initiative with the appropriate action. Visionaries take intelligent risks that capitalize on prime conditions. This kind of leader starts small by taking measured steps than later bigger risks.INSPIRING Passionate-He was the chairman of the group from 1991-2012. He stepped down as the chairman on 28 December 2012 and now holds the position of Chairman Emeritus of the group which is an honorary and advisory position. He will continue as the chairman of the groups charitable trusts.Even at this age he is able to melt for his company showing loyality, respectiveness and passion towards his work which is definetly an inspiration for young leaders.There are three characteristics that I affirm noticed among leaders that make them conscious, prudent and effective leaders Tata demonstrates all the three.One Leader has a bigger, higher mean for you and your organization that expresses responsiveness to community. While some organizations do create the higher purpose, they do not operationalise that. In the absence of translating the higher purpose into actions, these statements become static and meaningless, limited to websites and decorating boardrooms. Individuals and organizations that have imbibed their higher purpose experience more meaning in their animateness and fulfillment. An organisation that has a well-articulated and an operationalised higher purpose would create sustainable business success, employee loyalty, satisfaction and a sense of pride. Tata group is an ideal example of all that. CREATIVE Two Leader uses creative rather than reactive tendencies to get results. Some people achieve it apply react ive competencies and tendencies like controlling, manipulating, pleasant and complying. While some others achieve similar or better results using creative tendencies like relating, egotism awareness, purposeful actions, and authenticity. If an organisation is only enkindle in driving financial results, they might be doing this by using reactive competencies.Results can be achieved using multiple motivational drivers. individual who is extremely insecure and controlling will use those tendencies to drive results. Tata use more creative competencies to lead the organization.INNOVATIVE IMAGINATIVE EXPERIMENTAL INITIATES miscellanea His imagination ability inovated lots of ideas which were on the side of companys growth which were both experimented and executed with a positive result creating a change in the history of reputation of company by mental synthesis a base of companys growth Three leadership operate from higher order values. Robert Kegan, a professor at Harvard gradua te School, proposed the need for leaders to scale their abilities to the higher orders so that they can acquit complex problems and create personal transformation. Richard Barret, author and expert on values, talks just about seven levels of consciousness.While survival, selfish wealth creation, power, greed, status and being liked can be considered as lower order values, self actualisation, service, trust, honesty and Integrity can be considered as higher end-values. Ratan Tata was a terrific combination of the four necessary leadership characteristics character, commitment, competence and courage. Leaders inspire others because they are inspired themselves. They are excited about the possibility of creating an exciting future for themselves. They get up both cockcrow and they descry every effort they make as part of a great plan to accomplish something wonderful with their lives. Leaders are optimistic. They see opportunities in everything that happens, positive or ne gative. They look for the good in every situation and in every person. They seek the valuable lessons contained in every problem or setback. They never experience failures instead, they write them off as learning experiences.Leaders have a sense of meaning and purpose in each area of their lives. They have clear, written goals and plans they work on every day. Leaders are clear about where they are oertaking and what they will have to do to get there. Their behavior is purposeful and goal-directed. As a result, they accomplish five and ten times as a good deal as the average person who operates from day to day with little business organization about the future. Leaders accept personal responsibility. Leaders never complain, never explain. Instead of making excuses, they make progress. Whenever they have a set-back or difficulty, they repeat to themselves, I am responsible I am responsible I am responsible Leaders see themselves as victors over circumstances rather than victims of circumstances. They dont criticize or consign others when something goes wrong. Instead, they focus on the solution. Leaders are action-oriented. They are constantly in motion. They try something, and then something else, and then something else again. They never give up. Leaders have integrity. They tell the justice at all times. They live in truth with themselves, and they live in truth with others.

Symbolism of the Forest in the Scarlet Letter

Symbolism of the Forest in The carmine Letter In The House of Seven Gables, Nathaniel Hawthorne erstwhile wrote, For what other dungeon is so bleak as peerlesss have heart What jailer so inexorable as ones self Hawthorne asserts that every idiosyncratic becomes a hostage of his or her own heart. This idea is displayed through out The Scarlet Letter to portray how puritans lived under the constant repression of the prude golf-club. puritan baseball club lived by laws that tout ensembleowed no means of freedom or happiness and kept their citizens under a strict moral law code.The Puritan culture imprisons members of society to the point where they are crying out for freedom. Therefore, hostages of his or her own heart embark on a journey to free themselves. This is displayed continuously in The Scarlet Letter through its use of the wood. In the original the timberland consists of multiple meanings. It serves as another man apart from the Puritan society, and it prov ides a haven in which people break free from the kind order.Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne presents the forest as a symbolic figure to symbolize free will, bring forth the natural personalities of the founts, and to represent a fatal civilization within the Puritan society. First, the forest is a symbol to symbolize free will in The Scarlet Letter by presenting the forest as a safe haven with no rules or individuals who scrutinise every action being made. Thus, the townspeoplespeople approach the forest to restrain free with their desires and longings.For pillowcase, Hester longs to meet Dimmesdale and determines that the forest is the safest place as she is allowed to meet with him without the town knowing. As Hester and Dimmesdale greet each other, it was like the first encounter, in the founding beyond the grave, of two spirits who had been intimately connected in their power conduct, but now stood coldly (Hawthorne 198). For the first sequence in 7 old age they are able to meet with each other in private without needing to worry close being caught. Surrounded by the declination in the forest, Hester and Dimmesdale slowly start to open up to each other.They freely begin to talk about starting a new life with each other as a family, and Hester slowly starts to become blissful. Hawthornes purpose here is to display how the forest functions as a public of happiness and hump, and so the forests role is to create a free world without any fear. The forest allows these two young lovers to freely reunite and be intellectual together. Where else, the rest of the novel surrounds itself in an rain cloud of gloominess, this one scene in the novel permits Hester and Dimmesdale to be make full with love and joy.Also, during her conversation with Dimmesdale, Hester impulsively takes off the A upon her chest. It is the first and only time in the novel where Hester allows herself the freedom to remove the badge of shame. She heaved a long, dense sigh, in which the burden of shame and anguish departed from her spirit, oh exquisite assuagement She had not known the weight, until she felt freedom (Hawthorne 211). The forest lets Hester choose whether she agrees with the Puritan society or if she is against it.Her action of taking the A off represents her survival in prisonbreak apart from the Puritan civilization. The Puritans view the A as a symbol that represents what they deem to be right, and when Hester takes it off her chest she is breaking free from what society thinks about her. Hesters courage to meet with Dimmesdale and the removal of the A represents how the forest exemplifies free will. Secondly, the forest too manages to bring out the natural personalities of the characters.One of the characters Hawthorne uses to demonstrate this is Pearl. To Pearl, the forest is her best friend, a place where she is really accepted. Hawthorne states, The truth seems to be, however, that the fuck off-forest, a nd these wild things which it nourished, all recognized a kindred emphasis in the human child (Hawthorne 213). In the forest, Pearl can be as bright and joyful as she wishes because the forest acknowledges her for who she is- a moody, curious, care-free, innocent, and a priori child who also happens to be a social outcast.The forest also brings out her personality because of her connection with nature. Pearl is the romantic character in the novel due to her personality traits. She enjoys life and is endlessly curious about the unexplainable, such as the identity of her father and the A on her mothers chest. In the forest, she is accepted as a friend by all the animals, and the light constantly chases her wherever she goes. The light represents truth and purity. It constantly surrounds Pearl because she is an innocent and also a child who had no doing in the in her parents committed. A second character who brings forth their inner traits in the forest is Hester. Hawthorne uses the forest to give life to Hester and permits Hester to be herself again. She is first introduced as a beautiful, compassionate, and honest woman, but as the situation with the A becomes more grave Hester slowly starts to lose the characteristics she once possessed. After seven long time of suffering humiliation and punishment, Hester covers her hair under a cap and her viewer and warmth are now hidden beneath the A on her chest.However upon her secret rendezvous with the reverend, Hester takes off the cap on her head and all at once the air about her gradually starts to change. She becomes the person she once was, and her sex, her youth, her whole richness of her beauty, came back from what men call the irrevocable past, and foregather themselves, with her maiden hope, and a happiness before unknown, within the magic bunch of this hour (Hawthorne 212). She find outs her sexuality, and not only does she become the person she was seven years ago, but symbolically, she removes the strict moral code of the Puritan society.Even though it is for a short period of time, the forest gives her the audacity to be herself again. The last character who brings forth their natural personality in the novel is Dimmesdale. He starts to regain himself in the forest upon his concourse with Hester, and for the first time in the novel, Dimmesdale is happy and optimistic. Just as Hester and Dimmesdale are conversing about their escape to restart their lives with Pearl, Dimmesdale begins to recall in happy endings and his concern for what society desires dissolves for a moment in the woods.The forest, in the end, brings out the natural individuality of the characters of Pearl, Hester, and Dimmesdale. Finally, the forest serves as a symbol to represent a dark civilization on the outskirts of the Puritan society. Hawthorne does this by presenting the readers with the stage of the dimmed Man in the forest. All throughout the novel, the disgraceful Man of the forest is mentioned at various points. The story of the Black Man represents a sense of superstition and true temptation in the novel.Pearl states that the Black Man is an interesting figure who haunts this forest, and carries a book with him- a big, heavy book, with push claps and how the ugly Black Man offers his book and an iron pen to everybody that meets him here among the trees (Hawthorne 193). Symbolically, the Black Man represents the devil and writing ones name in his book indicates submission to the devil and succumbing to sin. Hawthorne uses this story to display a darker world in the Puritan society and how reliable characters are playing the devils advocate.It presents how another world filled with evil spirits and sin lies inside the Puritan society. Another example to signify the symbolism of the forest as a dark world inside the Puritan society is with the character of Mistress Hibbins. She is known as the sister of Governor Bellingham and as the town witch. After Hesters meeting wit h the Governor, Mistress Hibbins approaches Hester and inquires if she would like to join her in the forest at night. She asks, droop thou go with us tonight?There will be a merry company in the forest and I wellnigh promised the Black man that comely Hester Prynne should make come (Hawthorne 12). This question illustrates the wickedness and hiding of the forest. Mistress Hibbins clearly indicates the forest as the meeting place because on that point are no ears to listen to them chant their magic spells and nor are in that respect eyes in the forest to scrutinize their actions. Hawthorne uses this scene to hint that in that location are supernatural qualities among individuals and the town.The forest demonstrates how it symbolizes the darkness within the Puritan society by using the Black Man of the forest and Mistress Hibbins. In the end, the significance of the forest in The Scarlet Letter is immense. The forest represents freedom and darkness hidden inside the Puritan socie ty. It also allows the characters to become themselves again. As Hawthorne said in The House of Seven Gables, humans are the prisoners of his or her own heart and they seek escape from it. In The Scarlet Letter, the forest was the one place where any individual was allowed the opportunity to escape.

Marketing scenario

Positioned as an insurance premium offering focused to lowest overall cost to end users by dint of superior overall performance. Leader in quality , performance and scientific innovation Product plications Carton close and industrial tapes Specialized adhesives other postaging crossings SKI tape Manufactured using patented applied science and a pock name for pressure sensitive cartonful sealing tapeEvery high tensile strength and sheer resistance Positioning richly Price K Products Low Quality High Quality pack Tensile New Product Low Price Problem narrative K tape competed against inferior miserliness pit point of intersections in carton sealing type PACK offered 25-35% lesser damage Revenue of K- $68. 6 million PACK $28. 5 million 2012 Tensile -a new competitor had $2. 7 million dollar sale with one sales interpretive program Should SST stay with high quality product or enter the economy grade fragment ?Option 1 Enter the economy grade segment nether the s ame brand PROS Access to the economy segment Defend market share against competition Diversification of product portfolio CONS Dilution of the brand paradigm as a maker of technological superior product Conceptualization of its own product offering Accoutered product line Option 2 Enter the economy grade segment under different brand Implications for Customer Ability to fulfill necessitate of price sensitive customers Possibility of change in perception of being a quality leaderDistributor Possibility to offer a low end SST product Even wider product range Limited sales force gross sales Force Ability to offer more variety in toll of price levels More effort to explain product differences Brand No positive impact Negative impact on brand image Option 2 Stay with high-quality products Maintaining image of quality Leader outrage of Market share Not targeting price sensitive consumers No need for adjustment in distribution policy.

Argumentative Essay Topics

The Top 10 combative Essay Topics There is no limit when it comes to these contemporary issues that are oftentimes ignored in numerous areas of mass media. Lets deject with the coveted list of hot topics. Abortion There is no pennant on how much controversy the simple word of abortion sparks. forever since the controversial Roe vs. Wade court case, the notion of abortion fix spawned many riots, picketing and of course, violence. Pro-Lifers and Pro-Choicers often collide in a venomous state of war of words that often leads to violence of the highest form. puppet rights and experimentation there is one acronym that reigns ultimate when it comes to the rights of animals and that is PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, is a group that sparks controversy wheresoever their representatives are. Whether it is dumping red paint on women who wear furs or fair simply picketing on the steps of Congress, PETA is definitely at the forefront of controversy. Animal rights a nd experimentation is one topic that will always ignite sore feelings and a heated debate. Breast Cancer and the effects of chemicals in soaps, deodorants, etc. Where there are pink ribbons there is bound to be controversy. The Susan G. Komen seat is at the forefront of creating a bit of a stir when it comes to finding a cure for doorknocker malignant neoplastic disease, whether it is through walkathons, or charitable events, the nates strives for proper education, and continuous research on the eradication of breast cancer as evident in their race for the cure events. Writing an disputative essay on breast cancer and the possible irritants in terrestrial things such as soaps, laundry detergents and deodorants as being possible causes of breast cancer will undoubtedly create a bit of a stir.Border Control With America being the land of the free and the home of the brave, there have been continuous efforts to prevent immigrant entry through closing cut down the borders of t he country. This will always be a hot topic of conversation, arguments and debates because it seeks to manage what is an American since this is a country of blended cultures. The Pharmaceutical Industry never have three simple words sparked such explosive debates coast-to-coast and well-nigh the world. The pharmaceutical industry has been alleged to be responsible for many things.Ethnic bankers acceptance This is fast being a hot topic of interest for many mess because it explores the notion of couples adopting non-American babies. The Death Penalty With so many mountain on death row, people have much to say about how the country handles death row stings as well as what happens when an inmate is forced to walk the green mile and their number is literally up. familial Cloning There has always been a way to get a rise out of people when the topic of genetic cloning comes into play.It forces people to contemplate the idea of man take on the roles that were meant for God. Pla stic mathematical process With the dependence and deaths attributed to a gross fixation on plastic performance procedures, many people attribute the rise of prescription medicine addiction and deaths to plastic surgery. This is one topic that is steadily gaining momentum when it comes to argumentative essays. forgiving Trafficking This is one topic where you just cant go defective when looking for controversy.

Critique of Artificial Intelligence Essay

Journalist jakes Markoff wrote the article Computer Wins On Jeopardy Trivial, Its Not. He discusses how the super estimator Watson defeated the entirely time champion of Jeopardy Ken Jennings. The root, throughout the article, opposes that the super computing device Watson was a fair match against Ken Jennings. I dissent with Markoff for multiple reasons. This was in no itinerary a fair match because the computer had a remarkable ability to cause questions at super speeds. Also, the computer has chafe to all available questions and the ability to answer them. This was in no way a fair battle between the computer and Ken Jennings.The authors main idea of this article is mainly to say how the supercomputer was a fair match between the two. The computer has ways to answer questions that kind-hearted race have no way of doing. The computer heap answer questions indoors seconds and even milliseconds when the question is asked. It has a super speed ability to answer these que stions, which gives no time for the competitor to even have a scene to answer the questions given. So, when the competitor has no time to even have an flak to answer the question, there is no way to win. Watson is so smart that approximately e genuinely question that is asked, he answers correctly.Since I dont agree with Markoffs statement about Watson, I dont count his product line is valid. The reason I dont believe his assembly line and points are valid is that a computer that has remarkable and inhuman-like abilities is obviously qualifying to win in a competition of speed and knowledge. Ken Jennings had no chance against this computer. So, if a human has no chance against a machine, how can anyone call this a fair fight? Now, Markoff did define his terms all the way and specifically describe his reasons for why he thinks what he thinks, so I do give him credit for that. Still, I disagree with his argument.I disagree with most of Markoffs view about the competition betwe en the computer and Jennings. His main point of the fair competition is totally undebatable. Watson, on the otherwise hand, does not anticipate the light, but has a weighted scheme that allows it, when it is super confident, to hit the buzzer in as comminuted as 10 milliseconds, making it hard for humans to beat (Markoff 212). This statement made by Markoff proves that this was in no way possible for Jennings to beat the super computer. The computer can buzz in at amazing speeds as little as 10 milliseconds, which is way faster than any other human could possibly buzz in.Plus, the computer is programmed with so much information, that it would most possible be able to defeat Jennings, just because of the intelligence of this machine that the creators programmed into it. Overall, I do not believe that this piece published by John Markoff is in anyway valid. Markoff does however succeed in persuading people his ideas and describing his ideas and arguments truly specifically. H e does a good job with his argument and stating what he thinks. I do not agree with his argument though. My reaction to this piece is in reality astonished because I am not sure how anyone could think that a computer competing against a very intelligent human was fair at all.The weakness of this passage is probably how it can be hard for somebody to understand how a computer can manage to accomplish all this, but the strengths are good description and expression of the passage. Although he argues very well of his points, I in no way agree with his argument that the battle between Watson and Ken Jennings was fair.

English Pronoun Chart and Exercises

Subject Pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they- function as the subject of a sentence I live in New York. Do you like playing lawn tennis? He doesnt want to come this evening Object Pronouns me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them- serve as the design of a verb. Give me the book. He told you to come tonight. She asked him to help. Possessive Pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs- turn in that something belongs to someone. Note that the possessive pronouns ar similar to possessive adjectives (my, his, her). The difference is that the object follows the possessive adjective but does not follow the possessive pronoun.For spokesperson Possessive Pronoun That book is mine. Possessive Adjective That is my book. That house is mine. This is hers. those seats be yours Demonstrative Pronouns this, that, these, those refer to things. this and these refer to something that is near. that and those refer to things that are farther away. This is my house. That is o ur car . These are my colleagues . Those are beautiful flowers. A. __Use the ameliorate personal pronouns.Watch the words in brackets. Example ___ often reads books. (Lisa) get along She often reads books. 1) ___is dreaming. (George) 2) ___ is green. (the blackboard) ) ___ are on the wall. (the posters) 4) ___ is running. (the dog) 5) ___are watching TV. (my mother and I) 6) ___ are in the garden. (the flowers) 7) ___ is riding his bike. (Tom) 8) ___ is from Bristol. (Victoria) 9) ___has got a brother. (Diana) 10) Have___ got a computer, Mandy? B. __Choose the correct objective pronouns . Example I have got a sister. ___ name is Susan. Answer I have got a sister. Her name is Susan. Hi Daniel, ___ name is buns. This is ___ sensation Jason. Hes 12. ___sister is nine. ___ pet is a budgie. ___name is Dickens. Jason and I go to the same school. There are 450 boys and girls in ___ school.Jasons form teacher is Mrs. Peterson. She has got a pet, too. ___pet is a tortoise. Our form te acher is Mr. Smith. I like ___lessons. He has two dogs. The dogs love to play in ___ garden. Now I have a question for you. Whats ___ pet? Yours, John C. __Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns. This book is (you) . The ball is (I) . The blue car is (we) . The ring is (she) . We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) . The luggage is (he) . The pictures are (she) . In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) . This cat is (we) . This was not my fault. It was (you) .

Iago’s ego in “Othello” by William Shakespeare Essay

Sometimes there are people who are so evil and deceitful one arsehole just flavour dirty. Listening to them talk, hearing their words, and seeing their actions just makes ones discase crawl. During the reading and the viewing of Othello it doesnt take long to follow this odour about Iago. He is such manipulative, self-serving, and dishonest person making it evident he would be a man with a personality disorder. A narcissist is one who is only concerned about ones self, manipulative, and lead use anyone to get what they want. There is no doubt that Iago is the cataclysmal villain in this play. Without Iagos horrible traits and conniving actions this play would be very boring. He has been considered one of the most villainous characters of all time. beingness around a person this evil is very frightening, they are sufficient to accomplish so much with their manipulation. In this play there is no time wasted introducing the real characteristics of Iago. We see his self-servin g anger issues from the beginning. Iago is fond to mention his hatred for Othello (1.3.365).Iagos ego has been hurt by Othello claiming Cassio as his lieutenant and passing up Iago. Iago feels that he has way more engender in battle than Cassio and just pretends to serve Othello until he can get his revenge (1.1.10-40). Iago mentions later that Othello slept with his wife, Emilia And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets hes done my office (1.3.366-367). Roderigo is the first person to fall to his deceitful ways. Iagos craftiness get Rodergio to trust him with his with his money Rodergio says, That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the thread were mine. Iago states, Put money in thy purse (1.3.328) so that he might be able to win Desdemonas love with gifts Iago will buy her. But the dishonest plan is here because he plans on keeping that money for himself. It is amazing to watch how quick and smart Iago can be with the other characters. He is able to quickly take a situ ation and find a way to use others as pawns to bleed his plan out. He is words and actions are so manipulative move thoughts in others heads in order for them to assist him in his master plan.

Mghf

Huntingtons disease is an autosomal dominant (Harper et al, 1991) neurodegenerative disorder characterized by un leading movements, cognitive loss, and psychiatric problems as described by Martin and Gusella (1986). These symptoms be connect to the death of medium spiny projection neurons in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and the cortex (Reiner et al, 1988). In later st get on withs of the disease, heretofore areas such as the hippocampus and hypothalamus gets stirred as well (Kassubek et al, 2004). Huntingtons disease has a prevalence reckon of approximately 1 in 10,000 Caucasian populations (Harper et al, 1991).Patients with Huntingtons disease most typic wholey display a choreic movement disorder involving involuntary wriggling movements observed by George Huntington himself. The age of onset of Huntingtons disease shake off the appearance _or_ semblance to be publicly distri buted around the average age of 35 to 42, with base number of cases developing in patients youn ger than 20 days of age or older than 60 years of age (Andrew et al, 1993). The majority of insipid patients, whose disease onset are at age 20 years or less, have inherited the paternally defected gene (Andrew et al, 1993).Patients usually died indoors 15 to 20 years of disease onset. Gusella et al (1983) first set the location of the contagious transformation in Huntingtons disease to be the short arm of chromosome 4. It was after anformer(a) 10 years did the researchers of The Huntingtons Disease collaborative Research Group (1993) up to(p) to discover that a gene in chromosome 4 containing a trinucleotide recapitulate of CAG was abnormally expand in diseased individuals. The IT15 (interesting transcript 15) gene, dubbed the huntingtin gene by the group, codes for the huntingtin gene.This CAG paraphrase, which translates into a poly-glutamine stretch, is super polymorphic among the population ranging from 11 to 34 copies on normal individuals. However, in individuals wit h Huntingtons disease it expanded to to a greater extent than 42 reverberates and increasing to upwardly of 100 (The Huntingtons Disease Collaborative Research Group, 1993). This provides evidence masking that the sport huntingtin protein seems to be toxic to its native cells and confers a disease put forward to individuals with an extended length of repeats. There is in addition a correlation between the CAG length and disease onset as shown by Andrew et al (1993).The mutated prolonged huntingtin protein is cut by enzymes into fragments and the fragments begin to form abnormal clusters, nervous intranuclear inclusions (NIIs), inside cells. These clusters hindquarters also act to recruit normal proteins to adhere in concert as well (Davies et al, 1997). This was originally thought to cause the pathogenesis of Huntingtons disease. However, much recent studies have shown that the presence of NIIs is actually a coping chemical reaction to the toxicity of mutant huntingtin pr oteins and acts to prolong the life of the cells and reduce intracellular mutant huntingtin in neighbouring neurons (Arrasate et al, 2004).The exact function of the wild-type huntingtin protein are unclear, however m whatever efforts have been made in understanding its native functions. Nasir et al (1995) showed that homozygous huntingtin homologs in mice died before embryogenesis could occur and that heterozygotes displayed similar deficits as diseased human patients. Wild-type huntingtin is also crucial for establishing and maintaining neuronal identity, especially in cortex and striatum (Reiner et al, 2001).Current info lowlife provide the conclusion that normal huntingtin protein has actions important for development in mammals. In vitro, wild-type huntingtin have been shown to act to protect brain cells from apoptotic stimuli, such as serum deprivation, mitochondrial toxins, or the transfection of death genes (Cattaneo et al, 2005). Wild-type huntingtin protein, non mutated , stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production by acting at level of Bdnf transcription. BDNF is very important for survival of striatal neurons (Cattaneo et al, 2005).Intracellularly, huntingtin protein has been form to associate with various organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex (Cattaneo et al, 2005). It has also been instal in neurites and at synapses, where it associates with vesicular structures and microtubules (Li et al, 2003). This characteristic has been shown to enhance vesicular assault of BDNF along microtubules (Gauthier et al, 2004). On a similar note, huntingtin interacts with a number of cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle proteins that are essential for exo- and endocytosis at synaptic terminals.Wild-type huntingtin binds directly to the Src homology 3 domain of postsynaptic density protein 95, which binds NMDA and kainite receptors. This activity is decreased in mutant proteins and butt joint lead to overactiv ation or sensitization of NMDA receptors (Cattaneo et al, 2005). Aside from the toxicity of the mutated huntingtin protein, the loss of normal huntingtin protein also seems to add to the pathogenesis of Huntingtons disease. Presence of tho mutant huntingtin protein results in massive apoptotic cell death in the testes of male mice (Leavitt, 2001).However, no programmed cell death bear be seen in testes of mice expressing human mutant huntingtin when wild-type huntingtin is expressed as well (Leavitt, 2001). It was also seen that in mice, the absence of wild-type huntingtin protein led to a fall of striatal atrophy and neuronal loss, and a significant decrease in neuronal cross-sectional area compared to mice that had wild-type huntingtin present (Cattaneo et al, 2005). Huntingtons disease tranquillize the Great Compromiser incurable to this day. However, m both treatments are available for treatments of its symptoms.Chorea, the hallmark of the disease is a major target for mever y treatments. Such drugs include dopamine-depleting agents, dopamine antagonists, benzodiazepines, glutamate antagonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, dopamine agonists, antiseizure medications, cannabinoids, lithium, deep brain stimulation and fetal cell transplantation (Frank and Jankovic, 2010). matchless notable drug currently in use is Tetrabenazine, which is the only US FDA-approved drug for treatment of Huntingtons disease (Frank and Jankovic, 2010).The drug acts by reversibly inhibiting the central vesicular monoamine transporter type 2, this cause a depletion of dopamine (Bagchi, 1983). The main area of depression for tetrabenazine is in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and the nucleus accumbens, all areas known to be responsible for the major pathology of the disease. The Huntington Study Group (2006) was able to demonstrate the efficacy of tetrabenazine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects who received tetrabenazine showed a transmute from the baselin e in the maximal chorea score of the UHDRS.Compared to the baseline, treatment resulted in a reduction of 5. 0 units in chorea compared with a 1. 5 unit reduction for the placebo group. A second symptom targeted for treatment to countenance patients to function normally is the psychiatric problems. Dopamine receptor blocking agents are commonly used as anti-psychotics in order to treat psychosis associated with Huntingtons disease (Frank and Jankovic, 2010). There are many ethical show ups that have been associated with Huntingtons disease patients, in particular pertaining to the application of communicable examination.The expanded CAG repeats associated with Huntingtons disease (Gusella et al, 1983) are used as a prophetic examination to determine the endangerment of a person for developing inherited HD gene. The give of ethics with respect to patrimonial testing for Huntingtons disease seems to double-dealing on several major factors including autonomy, beneficence, confi dentiality, and justice (Huggins et al, 1990). The question remains whether or not the current use of genetic predictive testing is ethical. familiarity refers to the respect for the individuals right to make an informed ending about an action that whitethorn have a profound effect on his or her life.The patients should feel no pressure from doctors or institutions with regards to their finale for genetic testing. Also, they should also have a full understanding of the consequences and implications of their decisions. This would shoot physicians to provide all the necessary information to the patients so that they are informed about the testing. If a woman refuses to get tests done for her botch veritable(a) though her relatives are with her insisting on getting it performed, the physician cannot bear the testing to be performed.Beneficience is summarized by the phrase first do no equipment casualty (Huggins et al, 1990). This is an important factor when the results of th e test may reveal genetic information about oneself. This implies not only avoiding harm to patient but also preventing harm to otherwise individuals, which may include family members of patients. Due to the genetic characteristics of Huntingtons disease, family members can be both directly and indirection influenced by the results of the test.If for physical exercise a pregnant woman decides to get an ultra sound for her baby in order to find out if the baby has spina bifida, and upon confirmation by the physician decides that she wants to give birth at home as irrelevant to in a hospital where the baby could be treated properly in order to minimize the luck of the disease. The physician should take any action he can in order to avoid any risk to the health of the baby. Confidentiality with genetic tests applies the same as with any other form of personal information. It should not be disclosed to any other third parties, which includes family members as well.For example, if t wo siblings were to go and receive a CAG repeat test at the same time and one sibling asks the physician about the results of the other sibling. The physician cannot disclose any information or they will violate the confidentiality of the patient. Justice simply means equal nettle to health services and information to all. This also includes long-term support and guidelines for testing as a medical service so that the service is not difficult to obtain if needed. For example, even though Cystic Fibrosis is mostly only prominent in Caucasians, the testing should still be offered to regnant women of other ethnicities as well. Other ethical quandarys still exist with current genetic testing technologies. One particularly pertaining to Huntingtons disease is whether or not the information is obtained even though there is no cure for the disease. In diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU), after newborn screening, dietary interventions will allow the individuals with the condition to lea d healthy and normal lives (Lea et al, 2005). However, for Huntingtons disease, even after knowing that the disease will affect the individual what can be done?Therefore, would it be better to not know at all? By testing and finding out that an individual has the mutation that will eventually lead to the development of Huntingtons disease, the individual can attend to the initial development of symptoms and as a result may be treated much earlier. This can result in a more favourable prognosis. Similarly, the individual can live more guardedly as to prevent further exacerbation of their condition. On a more subjective level, the individual may use the knowledge to live a more fulfilling life knowing that he or she may not live as long as the rest of the population.Conversely, the information can also be used negatively. There can be a lot of discrimination in terms of applying for employment and health insurance. This information would also impact the ambition and life goals of the individual, the amount of psychological harm that comes with eventually developing an incurable and lethal neurodegenerative disease is extremely large. Similarly, would they still pursue to have a family and children if they knew that they had a very high risk of dying at a young age? This particular issue should be resolved by following the ethical factors listed before.As long as the individual is informed, are being prevented from harm, information not shared with any third party members, and has access to healthcare services, then being time-tested for Huntingtons disease will be ethically correct. This knowledge will give them insight on how to live the rest of their life. Another dilemma that has Harper, P. S. , Morris, M. J. , Quarrell, O. , Shaw, D. J. , Tyler, A. , and Youngman, S. (1991). The epidemiology of Huntingtons disease. J. Med. Genet. 89 365-376. Martin, J. B. , and Gusella, J. K. (1986).Huntingtons disease pathogenesis and management. N. Engl. J. Med. 315 1267 -1276. Andrew, S. E. , Goldberg, Y. P. , Kremer, B. , Telenius, H. , Theilmann, J. , Adamn, S. , Starr, E. , Squitieri, F. , Lin, B. , Kalchman, M. A. , Graham, R. K. , and Hayden, M. R. (1993). The relationship between trinucleotide (CAG) repeat length and clinical features of Huntingtons disease. Nat Genet. 4 398-403. The Huntingtons Disease Collaborative Research Group (1993). A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntingtons disease chromosomes.Cell. 72 971-983. Gusella, J. F. , Wexler, N. S. , Coneally, P. M. , Naylor, S. L. , Anderson, M. A. , Tanzi, R. E. , Watkins, P. C. , Ottina, K. , Wallace, M. R. , Sakaguchi, Y. A. , et al. (1983). A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntingtons disease. Nature. 306 234-238. Reiner, A. , Albin, R. L. , Anderson, K. D. , DAmato, C. J. , Penney, J. B. , and Young, A. B. (1988). derivative instrument loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 85 57335737. Kassubek, J. , Gaus, W. , and Landwehrmeyer, G. B. (2004).Evidence for more far-flung cerebral pathology in early HD and MRI-based morphometric analysis. Neurology. 62 523-524. Nasir, J. , Floresco, S. B. , OKusky, J. R. , Diewert, V. M. , Richman, J. M. , Zeisler, J. , Borowski, A. , Marth, J. D. , Philips, A. G. , and Hayden, M. R. (1995). Targeted disruption of the Huntingtons disease gene results in embryonic lethality and behavioral and morphological changes in heterozygotes. Cell. 81 811-823. Cattaneo, E. , Zuccato, C. , and Tartari, M. (2005). Normal huntingtin function alternative approach to Huntingtons disease.Nat increase Neurosci. 6 919-930. Li, J. Y. , Plomann, M. & Brundin, P. (2003). Huntingtons disease a synaptopathy? Trends Mol. Med. 9 414420. Reiner, A. , Del Mar, N. , Meade, C. A. , Yang, H. , Dragatsis, I. , Zeitlin, S. , and Goldowitz, D. (2001). Neurons lack huntingtin differentially colonize brain and survive in chimeric mice. J. Neurosci. 21 7 608-7619. Gauthier, L. R. , Charrin, B. C. , Borrell-Pages, M. , Dompierre, J. P. , Rangone, H. , Cordelieres, F. P. , De Mey, J. , MacDonald, M. E. , Lessmann, V. , Humbert, S. , and Saudou, F. 2004). Huntingtin controls neurotrophic support and survival of neurons by enhancing BDNF vesicular transport along microtubules. Cell. 118 127-138. Leavitt, B. R. , Guttman, J. A. , Hodgson, J. G. , Kimel, G. H. , Singaraja, R. , Vogl, A. W. , and Hayden, M. R. (2001). Wild-type hungtingtin reduces the cellular toxicity of mutant huntingtin in vivo. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 313-324. Davies, S. W. , Turmaine, M. , Cozens, B. A. , DiFiglia, M. , Sharp, A. H. , Ross, C. A. , Scherzinger, E. , Wanker, E. E. , Mangiarini, L. , and Bates, G. P. (1997).Formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions underlies the neurological disfunction in mice transgenic for the HD mutation. Cell. 90 537-548. Arrasate, M. , Mitra, S. , Schweitzer, E. S. , Segal, M. R. , and Finkbeiner, S. (2004). Inclusion body forma tion reduces levels of mutant huntingtin and the risk of neuronal death. Nature. 431 805-810. Frank, S. , and Jankovic, J. (2010). Advances in the pharmacological management of Huntingtons disease. Drugs. 70 561-571. Bagchi, S. P. (1983). Differential interactions of phencyclidine with tetrabenazine and reserpine affecting intraneuronal dopamine.Biochem Pharmacol. 32 2851-6 Huntington Study Group. (2006). Tetrabenazine as antichorea therapy in Huntington disease a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 66 366-72 Huggins, M. , Bloch, M. , Kanani, S. , Quarrell, O. W. , Theilman, J. , Hedrick, A. , Dickens, B. , Lynch, A. , and Hayden, M. (1990). Ethical and legal dilemmas arising during predictive testing for adult-onset disease the experience of Huntington disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 47 4-12. Lea, D. H. , Williams, J. , and Donahue, M. P. (2005). Ethical issues in genetic testing. J. Midwifery Womens Health. 550234-240.

Company comparison: Tesco and Panda

later doing whatsoever search, I decided to choose two companies as the organizations to be comp bed in the hold verb on the wholey submission, which argon Tesco and cat bear.In this log-book, the schooling I gather up will be printed in italic, and my personal opinion will be create verbally in 14 forefront font size with underline.I get most of the selective learning from the internet, besides, I get some information from the email which the companies official website, press and the magazines.Tesco blends 2,291 stores around the world and use ups 296,000 nation. We have full-gr knowledge from a domesticated retailer, to an International conference, done our organic growth class. This course, in whole(a) four classify of the Tesco scheme, the core UK art, non-food, retailing dos and external, have increase in profitability.Retailing gosTesco personal finance, accomplished in 1997, straight port has everywhere 3.4 million customer accounts and 15 gr owths and services. It achieved profits of 96m in 2003 (Tesco touch 48m). Tesco.com is the largest grocery e-tailer in the world and achieved a profit of 12m in 2003. We announce recently that we would launch a fixed line ph maven service in the summer of 2003.Non-foodHalf of our UK stark naked space opened this form has been for non-food and the result has been to grow our grocery storeplace sh ar to 5%.By analyzing the higher up information, we flush toilet have an on the whole overview of the discover follow. It is clear that Tesco is a large-sized organization, which has grown from a domestic retailer, to an International Group. How did Tesco even off it? This is the question I have got after course session above information. This start shows some working(a) inside information of the company, for example, the employee numbers, age structure, the possession of the firm, etc.STATEMENT OF APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF THE COMBINED CODE The Group is committed to hig h standards of corpo yard brass section. This statement describes the manner in which the company has utilize the principles set out in the Combined Code on bodied Governance.DIRECTORS AND THE BOARD The come along of Tesco PLC comprises eight administrator managing directors and six independent Non-executive Directors. The Chairman, Mr. J A Gardiner, is an independent Non-executive Director who has a primary quill righteousness of tally the calling card. The headspring administrator, Sir Terry Leahy, has executive responsibilities for the operations, results and strategic development of the Group. Clear divisions of office and bank line exist and operate effectively for these positions. In addition, Mr. G F Pimlott is the ranking(prenominal) Non-executive Director. The add-in ensures that no one individual or concourse dominates the decision-making process. Since the yr-end, the advance has announced its succession plans for the retirement of Mr. J A Gardiner in March 2004.The full Board meets at least ten quantify a grade and annually devotes two days to a assemblage with elder executives on longer-terminus planning, giving consideration both to the opportunities and perils of future strategy. The Board sets overall turn back of the Groups affairs by the schedule of matters reserved for its decision. In so far as corporate governance is concerned, these include the benediction of financial statements, study acquisitions and disposals, authority levels for using up, treasury policies, risk way, Group governance policies and succession plans for senior executives.To enable the Board to influence considered decisions, a written protocol exists and has been communicated to senior managers ensuring that relevant information is made available to all Board members in advance of Board meetings. All Directors have devil to the services of the Company Secretary and may nurse independent paid advice at the companys expense in the boos tance of their duties.The need for Director train is unconstipatedly assessed by the company.The above information shows a part of running(a) lucubrate of the organization. This part explained the board of Tesco and its operation, for example, the full board meet at least ten times a year and have some more(prenominal) conference as sanitary, this is very logical, All Directors may affiance independent professional advice at the companys expense in the superchargeance of their duties. cheek STRUCTURES The hobby paragraphs describe the get wind governance structures operating in the Group under the overall direction of the Board.Executive committal The Board delegates day-after-day and channel management control to the Executive perpetration, which comprises the Executive Directors. This meets ballockly any week and its decisions ar communicated throughout the Group on a regular tail. The Executive committal is responsible for implementing Group policy, the observ e and performance of the excreteicraft and baseing to the full Board thitheron.Nominations delegacy Appointments to the Board for both Executive and Non-executive Directors argon the responsibility of the Nominations committal which is chaired by Mr. J A Gardiner and whose members atomic number 18 set out in the table at the bottom of this page.As exemplified by the section on Directors and their interests within the Directors report on pages 5 and 6 of the 2003 annual report, the companys Articles of Association ensure that on a rotational basis Directors resign every three years and, if they so passion and argon eligible, declargon themselves for re-election.Remuneration commission The Remuneration Committee, composed all in all of Non-executive Directors, is chaired by Mr. C L Allen. The members are set out in the table at the bottom of this page. The responsibilities of the Remuneration Committee, together with an explanation of how it app double-dealings the Directors net profit principles of the Combined Code, are set out in the report of the Directors on remuneration on pages 12 to 21 of the 2003 annual report.Audit Committee The Board has an Audit Committee, chaired by Mr. G F Pimlott and consisting entirely of Nonexecutive Directors, which meets a stripped of three times a year. Membership of the Audit Committee is set out in the table at the bottom of this page. Its term of reference are studyed annually and repre move current best practice. The Committees primary responsibilities include monitoring the formation of internal control throughout the Group, thanksgiving the Groups be policies and reviewing the interim and annual financial statements before submission to the Board. The Committee will be undertaking an assessment of the Groups position in copulation to the Financial Reporting Council guidelines for strengthening the Combined Code, issued recently as the metalworker Report, although it is believed that the Group already co mply substantially with the proposals. The review will as well as cover the role and effectiveness of the Non-executive Directors as set out in the Higgs Report.Compliance Committee The Compliance Committee ensures that the Board discharges its obligations to comply with all necessary laws and regulations. It has established a schedule for the regular review of the Groups in operation(p) activities to ensure compliance with accepted practices and policies.The Committee, comprising two Executive Directors and three members of senior management, normally meets four times a year.Some functional exposit are given in this part the structure of management. There are quintet kind of committee all(prenominal) one has its own duty, and they operate very well when they work together. The logical structure is a nonher close of Tescos success. As varied type of organizations, there must be divagations amidst the management structure of Tesco and coon bear, I will compare them in the w ritten submission.INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT The Board has overall responsibility for internal control, including risk management, and sets catch policies having regard to the objectives of the Group. Executive management has the responsibility for the identification, evaluation and management of financial and non-financial risks and for the implementation and maintenance of control systems in accordance with the Boards policies.The Board, through the Audit Committee, has reviewed the effectiveness of the systems of internal control for the accounting year and the period to the date of approval of the financial statements, although it should be mum that such systems are designed to pull up stakes groundable but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. immanent control surround The Group operates an objectives-driven approach learned at satisfying its core single-valued function that translates into a rolling five-year business plan. The plan cov ers both revenue and chapiter expenditure and forms the basis of business plans for all our business entities. From this the Board, together with monitoring regimes base upon our Steering roulette wheel, agrees the annual revenue and capital budgets.The Steering Wheel is the term employ to describe our balanced scorecard approach, which we believe is the best way to achieve results for our stockholders. It sets out a broad set forth of drives under quarter-circle headings of customers, operations, pot and finance. This allows the business to be operated and monitored on a balanced basis with due regard for all stakeholders. The Board undertakes a formal review of progress on a quarterly basis and any resulting effects considered appropriate are communicated throughout the business.The capital investment programme is subject to formalized review procedures requiring key criteria to be met. All major initiatives require business cases to be prepared, normally covering a minimu m period of five years. Post-investment appraisals are similarly carried out.Risk management process At the highest level, the Board considers strategic risk every time it meets. The two-day Board Conference, referred to earlier, considers where future opportunities and risks lie and helps shape our corporate strategy going forward. Accountabilities for managing operational risks are distinctly assigned to line management. Internal controls have been developed over all risks in line with the risk appetite determined by the Board and are subject to review. Formal risk assessments are carried out routinely throughout the business. Procedures exist to ensure that signifi pott risks and control break outures are escalated to senior management and the Board, as necessary, on a daily, weekly and periodic basis.What is the reckon of these strategies? Does Panda have the similar management process? If not, how does it deal with the equal problem?Monitoring The monitoring of strategic a nd operational risks are responsibilities of the Board and line managers respectively.The Board maintains the Key Risk Register and considers at their formal risk assessments whether the actions beingness taken in mitigation are sufficient.The Internal Audit function also operates on a risk-based approach circumstances managers with their risk responsibilities and advising on appropriate controls.PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our away analyseors, contribute a further independent perspective on certain aspects of the internal financial control system arising from their work. Independence is strengthened by an agreement to rotate audit partners every five years. The engagement of auditors is considered annually by the Audit Committee. yearbook statements received from CEOs further support the monitoring of key subsidiary operations. These statements stomach that the Boards governance policies have been adopted in practice and spirit.Overall, the Audit Committee decideks to ensure that the whole management process provides adequate control over all major risks to the Group. This is achieved through consideration of regular reports from internal and external audit alongside newss with senior managers.Other specialist functions within the Group, notably Trading Law and Technical and Company Secretariat, provide assurance and advice on health and safety, regulatory and good compliance and social, ethical and environmental issues. These functions report their exposeings on a regular basis to the Compliance Committee.What are the advantages of these responsibilities? How could they be taken in Panda? I will try to find the answer when I am doing Pandas research. At present, I think the company dissolve prevent from risk at least it can shave the bad effect.Communication A programme of communication exists and is forever and a day being developed, to ensure that all supply is aware of the parameters that constitute acceptable business performance and the ex pectations of the Board in managing risk. This provides clear definition of the Groups purpose and goals, accountabilities and the ambit of permitted activities of companies, executive functions and individual staff.Communication is an substantial part of organizational culture, what are the communication channels of Tesco and Panda? How does it work? The programme of communication is perpetually developed and it is put upd necessary.CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The Board regards unified Social obligation (CSR) as an integral part of the overall corporate governance framework and is fully integrated into existing management structures and systems. Therefore, the risk management policies, procedures and monitoring methods described above equally apply to our CSR activities, including the management of social, ethical and environmental ( teach) risks.Many investors take an interest in how companies are managing non-financial risks as these can, under certain circumstances, h ave an impact on shareholder value. For example, The Association of British Insurers (ABI) has published disclosure guidelines on social responsibility, including SEE matters, for investors and companies.Last year, we published our frontmost CSR Review on our website, www.tesco.com/everylittlehelps. This reflects the importance that Tesco has hardened on CSR over the past 10 years. More detail of our CSR strategy can be found in the Tesco somatic Social Responsibility Review 2002/03 and on our website.We have an established cross-functional CSR Committee that meets a minimum of four times a year. The CSR Committee is chaired by the Group Corporate Affairs Director, and its membership is made up of senior managers from all parts of the business. One of its objectives is to identify threats and opportunities for the coming year and to highlight emerging issues.The CSR Committee has established a set of CSR Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and these KPIs are used to track perform ance quarterly and annually. The KPIs feed directly into the Steering Wheel monitoring system explained earlier and thus contribute to the overall monitoring of Group performance and control evaluation by the Board.The Chairman of the CSR Committee makes regular reports to the Executive Board on CSR matters.The CSR KPIs and the related management system are available in the CSR Review 2002/03 and on-line.Actually there is a relationship mingled with environment and the companies. Environmental factors influence the development of companies and create opportunities and threats for them it influences and determines the way the company must operate and how it has to accomplish its food marketing objectives. move of environmental details have been shown by the information. Tesco made a capacious effect on Corporate Social Responsibility and the company gets a strong support by its customers. I will explain the reason in the written submission.This year gross revenue in our core UK m arket have grown by 7.9% and underlying operating profit by 6.9% reinforcing our position as the number one food retailer in the UK. Our strong UK performance allows us to expand into retailing services and transnational markets.Number of storesIn the UK we opened 62 bare-ass stores this year adding a further 1.4 million sq ft. We also acquired 1,202 T&S hold ons, a spark advance convenience retailer, giving us an additional 1.8 million sq ft. This brings the chalk up number of stores in the UK to 1,982.Four store formatswe tailor our stores to meet our local anesthetic customers needs. We have four different store formats Extra, Superstore, Metro and demo. All formats provide a different shopping experience for our customers, but all offer the same outstanding value.Store developmentwe listen to customer and staff feedback to continually improve our stores. This year our UK development plan has seen refresh and credit programmes, tailored to local customer requirements, i mprove over 200 stores. staffour loyal and committed staff have helped make us Britains biggest supermarket. This year we have taken on an additional 9,000 people, with a further 5,000 over Christmas, to help serve our customers better. 104,000 of our staff are shareholders.The above data prove Tesco to be the biggest retailer in UK does it and locate in UK? If not, what closely its supranational market? What have Panda done? As I k flat Panda is the biggest electronic company in China at present, and it is also facing to the international market. Between the two different types of companies, is there any similar idea when they are dealing with the global market?In our European business sales have grown by 22.5% and underlying operating profit by 56.7%. We have opened 18 hypermarkets in the year, making us the largest hypermarket operator in Central Europe. cardinal countriesTesco now operates in five countries in Europe as well as the UK Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Czech Repu blic, Slovakia and Poland, accessing 68 million people.Number of storeswe now have a follow of 230 stores across Europe and this year we became the leading hypermarket retailer in Central Europe. Our ongoing plans for the region will see us expand next year to over 100 hypermarkets, outgrowth our market share even further.Sales areaour expansion programme has seen our total European sales area increase to 10.6 million sq ft in the past 12 months, a rise of 31% on last year. This includes the 13 hypermarkets acquired from the HIT chain in Poland.StaffThis year we have taken on 6, five hundred extra staff and we now employ 47,500 people across our European operation. In Hungary we are the countrys second biggest buck private employer, with 11,000 members of staff working across our operation.This year our Asian operation has delivered sales growth of 45.5% and underlying operating profit growth of 144.8%. We operate in four countries across South East Asia including our latest mark et, Malaysia.Four countriesthis year we opened our first stores in Malaysia. We continue to build a business of outgo in our developing markets of Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia, accessing a population of 155 million.Store developmenta total of 28 new stores were opened across the four countries, including seven Home plus stores in South Korea. These new stores have boosted our total floor space across Asia to 7.5 million sq ft, a rise of 34% on last year.Store formatswe have continued to develop our formats to suit our different customers needs. In Taiwan, plans are in place to open our first city-format store in the capital Taipei later this year. In Thailand we now have eight Express stores, a supermarket, and our first Value store.Staffthis year we recruited a further 4,000 local managers and staff to deliver for our customers. We now employ a total of 28,000 people across Asia. In Thailand we had over 600 internal promotions last year.As the biggest retailer in UK , in order to have further development, Tesco has to intro to the international market, and it has already had some progress now. at one time its store are located in 9 countries, and number will be quiesce increasing. It has a large number of stores, employees, and loyal customers as well. It has different strategies in different locations. In the written submission, I will compare the data of the two companies. To complete it, I need to search more information about the functional advantages or disadvantages to location, type of property, running costs, time at location etc.Every day, more than 11 million people visit our stores knowing they can pick what they want, when and where they want itTescos product/service details are clearly shown in its homepage. It has a big range of product/service so it can make customers feel satisfied. The nature is simple let customers know they can pick what they want, when and where they want it.Now I will move on to Panda, a Chinese electro nic company. This part will also contain organizational details which are shown in Tescos.As the cradle of Chinas electronics industry, Panda Electronics Group Co., Ltd. ( joystick) was founded in 1936, with a history of sixty-eight years. Brand Panda is the first Chinese electronics products tick off entered into international market and also the first Well-Known Brand of electronics industry in China. succeed is one of the largest electronics comprehensive backbone enterprises, 120 pilot enterprise groups, 512 key enterprises, six largest groups of electronics industries in China.Since the 50s of twentieth century, more than 30 Chinese leadinghip including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin had inspected branch. With the cracking concerns of leaders of the giving medication and the Party, PEG has developed rapidly.Recently, major products of PEG covers HF communication, satellite communication system, wandering(a) communication system, macaronis product equipment, base station, program control exchangers, mobile phones, TV sets, washing machines, videodisk players, computers, monitors, system integration, network, software and radio receivers.Technology force of PEG is in leading position in Chinas electronics industry. With its own power, PEG has created many first in China and won national honors. PEG has not entirely five national engineering research centers (engineering research centre for A/V digital products, national technology development centre, mass output technology centre, micro-electronics technology design centre, and engineering research centre for mobile satellite communication technology), but also post doctoral scientific research station.PEG cooperates with 12 large international companies entered into the result 500 largest companies in the world and more than 10 key universities and research institutes in domestic in technology fields to jointly develop new products. The speeds of renew of products has been increased greatly. Up to now, PEG has subscribers of 70,000,000 people, and is a famous brand electronics company possesses the most subscribers in china. Adhering to regard subscribers standard as the top standards of enterprise, PEG is responsible for subscribers, services for subscribers and obtained the certificate for ISO 9001 international quality standards assurance. sequence self-developing, PEG made great efforts to exploit the international market and actively joint venture with the international large companies, such as Swedens ERICSSON, Japans neat and Koreas LG, made good economic efficiency. It became a new growth point of economic efficiency of the company.Nanjing Panda Electronics Co., Ltd. was founded in 1996. H shares and shares were issued to the public in Hong Kong and abduct respectively. The Company was listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the Shanghai Stock Exchange respectively. In 1999, the Company carried out the policy of reconstructing of the as sets, realized the reform of multi-element property rights.As the cradle of Chinas electronics industry, Panda Electronics Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 1936. Brand Panda is the first Chinese electronics products brand entered into international market and also the first famous Brand of electronics industry in China. Panda Electronics Group Co., Ltd. is one of the top 520 national key enterprises, one of the top 120 enterprises under experiment and one of the key enterprise groups in Nanjing Municipality and Jiangsu Province. The Company established 5 national R & D centers and a postdoctorate research work station.The Company established marketing networks spreading over nationwide, more than 40 countries and regions in the world. Users and consumers are up to 70,000,000. The Company was honored prime(prenominal) Grade Stated-Owned Enterprise in the first batch, National Key New advanced Enterprise and ranked among the top 500 largest industrial enterprises in China for 10 y ears running.Now I have an overview about Pandas company profile, from a simple point, what is the difference amongst Tesco and Panda? This would be an important part I which I should explain in my essay. It also shows some operational and locational details, which I can compare to Tescos directly in the essay. The operational details I have got is not as many as Tescos, although I sent the company an email, they replied me with few information. However, I find more locational details of Panda, so I can have a detailed discussion about its advantages/disadvantages in the essay. There are both common points and differentia between the two companies operational details, but all the information proved the locational details of the two companies are quite distinct from each other. These discussions will take an important part in the following written submission.Then I found Pandas functional details on its website and the magazine, in the essay, I can compare this with Tescos functiona l details to point out their feature.They also sent me some more details with email, shown in the next page.Board of Directors state of affairsNameChairman, President and CEONi RunfengVice-Chairman and COOWang FengchaoDirector and chief financial officerLiu TibinDirector and Vice-PresidentLi KexingZheng GuangqingWu JiangBoards Secretary and Vice-President tangent MingxianDirectorHe MingfenDirector and Minister of Planning & Development DeptLang FengweiDirector and International line of descent DeptWu JiangDirector and General Manager of Air-conditioner ComLi JinSenior ManagementExecutive OfficersPresident andChief Executive Officer(CEO)Ni RunfengExecutive President andChief Operation Officer(COO)Wang FengchaoChief Financial Officer(CFO)Liu TibinVice Executive PresidentsLi KexingZheng GuangqingWu JiangTan MingxianAs a comprehensive multinational corporation, what is the characteristic of its structure? What is the difference between the two companies structure? Why do they have d ifferences? This is the main part I am going to explain in my essay.Panda Management ConceptionsIn our encountering, management of an enterprise denotes the administrators thoughts and ideological level. It is the process through which the administrator does his management work with a clear and dedicated aim to advance the prospects of the company.In doing something new, we will certainly meet some obstacles. If we are reluctant to have a try or even to make plans for innovations, we will surely not succeed in making progress. moreover in making innovations, we might struggle or even fail sometimes, but we feel we can make progress gradually by learning from our mistakes.An administrators ideological level has a great effect on the management efficiency. We feel he needs to be open and aboveboard, and should manage the company with strong ideals of justice and fairness.An administrator should perpetually set up a new aim for the company to operate with as a goal in mind. A new aim stimulates all of the staff to work harder. We need to always bear in his mind that only the fittest will be able to survive in the tough market competition. Market competition is like sailing against the current either you keep forging ahead or you keep falling behind. Thus, an administrator should always work with a new goal in mind. Only in this way can he continue to take new action and to deal with new situations with foresight which will allow the company to make useful progress.So, the characteristics of Panda management depend on the philosophy that people are treated as the foundation of the companys success and that while the management rules are always strictly adhered to, the employees are nevertheless an integral part of and always regarded as essential to the companys continued progress and success.Panda IdeasThe purpose of the company is to serve people with technology.In our business operations, we have a clear management concept that we will win the market so long as we produce on a large scale at a leading pace.We have taken a market-and-order-orientation posture toward the market. All we are doing in our work is for the services of customers and market.We are constantly improving the quality of our products. We are trying to reach the highest level in quality control.In personnel management, we firmly believe that the company should on the one hand offer employees opportunities to expand their abilities and that on the other hand the employees will earn profits for the company. Thus we consider the relationship between company and employees as a reciprocal one from which both can benefit.Now I understand Pandas management conceptions/ideas, as parts of its organizational culture, it contains many differences with Tescos. I will explain what the differences are in the essay.Since the 50s of 20th century, more than 30 Chinese leaders including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin had inspected PEG. With the great concerns of leaders of t he government and the Party, PEG has developed rapidly. Monopolization is forbidden in China, so Chinese government gives some help to other smaller competitors of PEG. As a huge market, China attracts many foreign companies, some large-sized companies, such as Sony, Samsung, and National, join in to the competition, to encourage the foreign enterprises, Chinese government constituted some policy for them as well, for example, low tax. Without the support from the government, PEG is not too strong to win the competition. International marketing has beat a major issue for companies. In the twentieth century, world flip has been more and more important. All over the world companies are aiming at penetrating new foreign markets.As a large company which can not get enough market shares in its own country, PEG planed to entry the international market as well. When entering international business it is necessary to take into account the political system of the target country.It is much more risky to operate in absolutism or anarchy than in democracy. Political stability is a basic requirement. The legal environment of the target country is also essential to consider. China has surrender wiliness agreements with several countries, making it less expensive and easier to export Chinese products and to import foreign products. These circumstances contribute to the increase of foreign trade by providing an environment, in which it is easy for Chinese companies to export their products to international markets. In case of an export company, the most important legal factors are the export-import regulations, requirements, restrictions and the rate of tariffs. When establishing a subsidiary in another country, other legal factors puzzle important.The company law, competition policy and tax regulations determine the everyday operations of the company. Along with foreign investment regulations, environment-protection requirements etc., they set the legal environment for the firm. It is important to carefully examine and consider these factors. The threat posed by them can be reduced if the management is aware of them and understands these regulations well. PEG did get this great chance and it exported a large amount of its products to the developing countries and some occidental countries, unfortunately it did not deal with the regulations very well, for example, in Chinese advertisements it is commonly allowed to compare competing productions, but it is not allowed in many European countries, PEG did not realize this when it first entry a foreign market, as a result, in some countries the company was indicted as export dumping.In order to review an organization or individual services, it is important to understand the external factors that influence the organization. An effective way to identify these external influences is to dribble out a PESTEL analysis. Because of the different situation of China and UK, it is no incertitude that the impac ts of environmental factors for the two companies are different. By using the information I have, I can do a PEST analysis of both Tesco and Panda in my essay by taking some examples.It manufactures many kinds of products including the following serialColor TV serial publication CTV, PTV, Applied TV serial publication (Hotel TV, Huge Projection TV Wall, CRT TV Wall, TV-PC, Playback TV, etc)Air-conditioner serial all kinds of Windows, Wall-mounted, Cabinet, Floor-mounted, and small Central Air-conditionersAV product series all kinds of videodisk, VCD, DVD+AMP, Amplifier, Voice speaker Box, CD, MP3Network series DVB-C, DVB-S, ADSL, C-LAN, and Family Information-resolution System stamp battery series High Quality Environmental defense Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Nichrome Storage Battery and kinds of ChargersElectronic Component series PCB, FBT, Tuner, kinds of Transformers and Coils, Inductance, Conduct-electricity Rubber, SpringProtection for Safety series Finance Band System, Hotel System, Traffic Management, Public Place, Family Protection for Safety, Individual Protection System for SafetyLCD series LCD-TV, LCD-M and other LCD use productsWhite Household Appliance and small Household Appliance series Washing Machine, Water-heater, and Fuel Gas CanteenTechnology Equipment series kinds of company Line, Frock of Assembly Line, Meters of Assembly Line, and Tools of ProductionThese are information which relates to Pandas product/service details. As same as Tesco, Panda have many different kinds of products, and it also develops in some other industries. Comparing to each other, the two companies product/service are totally in different area, however, they may have the common management conceptions/ideas, it will be elicit to compare this part in the essay.Now I have stack away the two companies details about their operation, location, function, environment and product/service. All the information will be used to prove my opinion in the written submission .

Doctors in Training

Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 disassociate 1 Emails 2-9-2009 nowa years begins Part I of the Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Review Course. beneath you will lift 20 questions with specific page references to first advocate for the USMLE Step 1, 2009 edition. Twenty new questions similar to the ones below will dumbfound every Monday and Thursday to your email address from now until May 14th. These questions hike you to study for the USMLE now and succor you learn the soaring-yield information in a more active manner.At this point in your USMLE study, I urge on that you dismiss about 10-12 hours a week reviewing and studying for the USMLE, but do not neglect your present coursework. At the b ar minimum, I recommend that you go though these twice weekly questions. I also highly recommend finding a study partner to keep you on-track and appoint your larn more active rather than simply reading to yourself. Quiz apiece other with these questions and pimp eac h other with new questions as you go through frontmost attend to in concert. Addition aloney, you should try to go through First Aid at least once prior to the start of Part II of the Doctors In Training. om Step 1 Review in commit to get the closely out of the course. You can use our study schedules stick on online to help make your study plan. If you have any questions, please maunder the website at www. DoctorsInTraining. com or contact our office via email or phone. Sincerely, Brian Jenkins, MD What would expect to find in a pt with a lesion of CN twelve? CN X? (FA p396) What argon some of the distinctive clinical features of Williams syndrome? (FA p93) On which cells would you find CD3 molecules? On which cells would you find CD4 molecules? To what do CD4 molecules bind? On which cells would you find CD8 molecules?To what do CD8 molecules bind? (FA p195) What trends the S1, S2, S3, and S4 ticker sounds? (FA p248) Name five or more treats that curb acetylcholinesteras e. What is the clinical application for each? (FA p229) What atomic number 18 the main differences mingled with nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome? (FA p445) What ar the acidic and basic amino acids? Where can you find high concentrations of basic amino acids? Why argon these amino acids found in these areas? (FA p107) What bacteria are known for causing brothy licentiousness? (FA p174) What affection injury would you curious in a pt with the adjacent motion deficits? FA p355) foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion) loss of plantar flexion loss of articulatio genus jerk loss of hip adduction What are the leading defecates of death in infants? (FA p66) What is the equality for determining a drugs volume of scattering? (FA p222) What are the clinical features of hyperammonemia? (FA p108) What changes in sleep patterns and sexual anatomy are facen in the elderly? (FA p70) Describe the probe and sample to which the probe binds in the following molecular biology tech niques Southern blot, Northern blot, and Western blot. (FA p86)What are the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode? What changes in sleep patterns are work outn in pts with depression? (FA p423) What is the clinical definition of chronic bronchitis? (FA p482) Which neoplasm is near usually responsible for the hormone paraneoplastic syndrome? (FA p218) ACTH ( Cushings syndrome PTH-related peptide ( hypercalcemia erythropoietin ( polycythemia ADH ( SIADH What is the blood supply to the embryonic foregut, midgut, and hindgut? What adult structures arise from these primitive guts? (FA p299) Which brochure of the spinal cord relays sensory information from the body?Which tract relays wound and temperature sensation? Which tract relays motor sensation to the body? (FA p388) What is the just about ordinary tumour of the salivary gland? What is the or so universal malignant tumor of the salivary gland? (FA p308) Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Part 1 Emails 2-11-2009 What is the difference between a case-control study, a cohort study, and a clinical trial? (FA p60) Which studies use odds ratios, and which use relative risks? (FA p62) Three days ago you hospitalized a 40-year-old male for myocardial infarction. He has been addicted all of the usual medications.Today you notice that his platelet count is 30,000. What do you suspect is the cause of his low platelets? (FA p341) What are the several(predicate) etiologies of Cushings syndrome? How is the level of ACTH different in each? (FA p286) Which virus is responsible for the following disease? (FA p166) buttocks in children common cold (2 viruses) 1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children bronchiolitis in infants (especially premature) How many half-lives does it take for a drug inf utilise at a constant rate to reach 94% of steady introduce? What variables determine the half-life of a drug? (FA p222)What structures of the inner ear are responsible for the sensation of linear and a ngular acceleration? (FA p398) What is the basic equation for cardiac output? What is the Fick principle? What factors affect stroke volume? (FA p245) What are the two most common causes of chronic renal failure? (FA p448) What is the most common cause of Erb-Duchenne palsy? What are the characteristic findings of Erb-Duchenne palsy? (FA p354) What are the signs and symptoms of poliomyelitis? If you suspected polio in a pt with yours, where would you try on to obtain a viral sample from the pt? (FA p389) What are the 3 different eukaryotic RNA polymerases? What type of RNA does each make? (FA p78) How many umbilical vessels are there? Which umbilical vessel has the highest oxygen content? (FA p124) What are Brunners glands? (FA p304) What are Peyers patches? (FA p303) How can these structures help you identify the location from which a histological specimen was taken? What is the rate-limiting enzyme for ketone discount? for cholesterol implication? (FA p99) What is the classic triad of symptoms in multiple sclerosis? With what disorders do pts with multiple sclerosis commonly present? (FA p403)Which penicillin fits the following interpretation? (FA p179) often the drug of weft against Enterococcus sp. resultantive against Pseudomonas sp. good for otitis media because it covers Strep. pneumo. and H. flu a/w interstitial nephritis a/w flush (especially in pts with mononucleosis) What class of drugs is utilise in the handling of ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity? (FA p230) What is the definition of first-degree heart block? (FA p254) What is the classic presentation of a patient with gonococcal arthritis? (FA p363) What is the difference between malingering and factitious disorder? FA p424) Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Part 1 Emails 2-16-2009 What are the rate-limiting enzymes for the following metabolic processes? (FA p99) glycogen synthetic thinking glycogen breakdown fatty acid synthesis fatty acid oxidation Which adrenergic anta gonists can be used to treat hypertension as well as urinary remembering in pts with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? (FA p231) What are the risk factors for colon genus Cancer? (FA p316) What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? (FA p62) What physiology accounts for the automaticity of the AV and SA nodes? FA p252) How does the emphysema caused by smoking differ from the emphysema caused by alpa-1-antitrypsin deficiency? (FA p482) What is the difference between Meissners corpuscle and a Pacinian corpuscle? (FA p375) What syndrome causes the triad of sterility, bronchiectasis, and recurrent sinusitis? What is the primitive defect in this syndrome? (FA p83) In which glomerular disease would you expect to see the following changes? (FA p445) foot process effacement (electron microscope) wire-loop appearance (light microscope) mesangial deposits of IgA (electron microscope) crescent-moon influence lesion (light microscope) segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis (l ight microscope) What clinical scenario is most commonly seen in Reyes syndrome? What are the characteristics of Reyes syndrome? (FA p317) What would you expect to find in the synovial mentally ill of a pt with gout? with pseudogout? (FA p363) What effects do prostaglandins and thromboxane have on platelet aggregation? (FA p369) When is a fetus most susceptible to misemploy from teratogens? What drug used in the treatment of hypertension is a teratogen? What effect does this have on the fetus? FA p122) Distinguish the following types of organ permute rejection. (FA p206) MechanismTime Frame hyperacute rejection acute rejection chronic rejection What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome? (FA p291) What type of collagen is defective in patients with Alports syndrome? (FA p85) In which order elimination is the rate of elimination proportional to the drug concentration? (FA p223) What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults? in children? (FA p287) What lab abnormalities wo uld you expect to see in a pt with SIADH? (FA p291)What drugs are used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease? (FA p412) Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Part 1 Emails 2-19-2009 What are the common emplacement effects of beta-blockers? Which pt universes should use caution when taking beta-blockers? (FA p232) What are the signs of right-sided heart failure? What are the signs of left-sided heart failure? (FA p265) What asthma medication fits the following statement (FA p487) inhaled treatment of choice for chronic asthma inhaled treatment of choice for acute exacerbations narrow therapeutic index, drug of last resort blocks reincarnation of arachidonic acid to leukotriene inhibits mast cell release of mediators, used for prophylaxis only inhaled treatment that blocks muscarinic receptors inhaled long beta-2 agonist blocks leukotriene receptors What bacterium causes leprosy (AKA Hansens disease)? What part of the body is infected? What sensual is a reservoir in the US? (FA p148) What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome? What area of the understanding is damaged in this syndrome? (FA p381) Why should a Hot T-bone steak come to listen when someone asks you about interleukins? (FA p199)Compare the leading causes of death in ages 1-14 to those in ages 15-24? (FA p66) What are the side effects of neuroleptic toxicity? (FA p431) What is the composition of a nucleosome? Which histone ties nucleosomes together? (FA p74) What types of preventive services are needed in the following pts? (FA p65) diabetic drug abuser alcoholic high risk sexual carriage What are the causes of normocytic, normochromic anemia? (FA p332) What 5 classes of medications are used to treat glaucoma? (FA p408) What infections are caused by Chlamydiae? What is the treatment for most Chlamydia infections? (FA p153)What are the characteristics of thoracic outlet syndrome? (FA p354) What abnormal lab values would lead you to suspect alcoholic hepatitis? (FA p318) What ar e the most common locations for atherosclerosis? (FA p261) What vitamin deficiencies would you expect to see in a pt with a malabsorption syndrome such as cystic fibrosis or celiac sprue? (FA p94) What types of pancreatic tumors are often seen in MEN type I? (FA p287) What nerves innervate the tongue? (FA p131) What is the classic presenting symptom in a pt with Lyme disease? (FA p151) Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Part 1 Emails 2-23-2009What are the stages of dying according to Kubler-Ross? (FA p70) Explain the development of the thyroid gland. (FA p131) Which IV anesthetic fits the following commentary? (FA p411) a/w hallucinations and bad dreams most common drug used for endoscopy used for rapid anesthesia stimulus generalisation decreases cerebral blood flow (important in brain surgery) What is the mechanism of performance and clinical use for methylphenidate? (FA p430) What is the most common urea motorbike disorder? What are the findings with this disorder? (FA p108) What change is seen in Barretts gullet? (FA p310)What is the equation for determining a drugs clearance? (FA p222) What substance activates the classic complement piece of land? What substance activates the alternative compliment pathway? (FA p200) In a normal Gaussian curve, what percentage of the sample population falls 1 quantity deviation, 2 standard deviations, and 3 standard deviations? (FA p64) What is seen in Budd-Chiari syndrome? What conditions are a/w Budd-Chiari syndrome? (FA p318) What tests can be used to help detect the presence of an MI? (FA p263) What is the equation for calculating the glomerular filtration rate? (FA p437)How long does it normally take for an antidepressant to start workings? (FA p432) What is the mechanism of activeness of cyclosporin? (FA p206) In which glomerular disease would you expect to see the following changes? (FA p445) anti-GBM antibodies (immunoflourescence) Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions (light microscope) spike and dome a ppearance (electron microscope) tram track of subendothelial humps (electron microscope) subepithelial humps (electron microscope) The most common cause of osteomyelitis in all patients is Staph. aureus. What organism would you also suspect in a sickle cell pt with osteomyelitis?What about a drug addict with osteomyelitis? (FA p175) What amino acids are necessary for p pee synthesis? (FA p74) What is the rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis? for purine synthesis? (FA p99) What are the common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy? (FA p264) What hormone is detected in a positive urine pregnancy test? How long later on conception will this hormone first appear in the urine? (FA p460) Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Part 1 Emails 2-26-2009 FYI The editors of First Aid for Step 1 have recently posted the Errata for their 2009 edition of First Aid.It can be found here http//firstaidteam. com/updates-and-corrections/ Describe the pathway by which light affects melatonin se cretion. (FA p71) What structures give rise to the glomerular filtration barrier? Which disease results from a loss of the negative charge glomerular filtration barrier? (FA p437) What are the threesome symptoms of pellagra? What are the causes of pellagra? (FA p95) What factors are considered when determining the loading dose and maintenance dose of a medication? (FA p223) What are the two types of diabetes insipidus? What is the cause of each? (FA p291) What is the cause of cystinuria?What is the treatment for cystinuria? (FA p110) What is the WAGR complex? (FA p447) What two drugs are inclined to those with organophosphate poisoning? (FA p228) What are some of the common causes of eosinophilia? (FA p327) What antibiotics have the following mechanisms of action? (FA p178) block DNA topoisomerase block the synthesis of peptidoglycans block nucleotide synthesis block mRNA synthesis Compare the leading causes of death in ages 25-64 to those in ages 65+? (FA p66) What are the ri sk factors for a fat embolus? What are the risk factors for a pulmonary embolus? (FA p265)What structures arise from the Mesonephric ducts? What other name is given to the Mesonephric ducts? (FA p133) Which lysosomal storage disease fits the following description? (FA p114) cherry red do on retina corneal clouding + mental retardation no corneal clouding + mental retardation demyelinating disease affects peripheral nerves ruffled paper cytoplasm sphingomyelin buildup treatment is dialysis hookup of galactocerebroside in the brain accumulation of glucocerebroside in the brain What are the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic febricity? (FA p267)What are some of the extrapulmonary causes of restrictive lung disease? (FA p482) What drug can be used to treat carcinoid syndrome? (FA p291) What is the difference between conscious, preconscious, and unconscious in Freudian psychoanalysis? (FA p417) conscious- preconscious- unconscious- What muscles compose the r otator cuff muscles? (FA p350) What is the difference between Wernickes aphasia, Brocas aphasia, and conduction aphasia? (FA p381) Doctors In Training. com USMLE Step 1 Part 1 Emails 3-2-2009 How do nicotinic acetylcholine receptors differ from muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in their mechanisms of action? FA p225) What structures are injured in an hard-pressed triad knee injury? (FA p350) Which fungal infection fits the following description? (FA p155- FA p157) causes diaper rash opportunistic mold with septate hyphae that branch at a 45 degree angle opportunistic mold with strong nonspetate hyphae that branch at wide angles (>90 degrees) dimorphous fungi common to SW US (San Joaquin Valley fever) causes thrush in immunocompromised pts and vulvovaginitis in women dimorphic fungi with broad-based budding yeast known for causing pneumonia in back up pts ( start Bactrim prophylaxis when CD4